In 2023, 5.7 million hectares of secondary vegetation at least six years old were mapped in the Amazon biome, of which 4 million hectares are in areas with low agricultural potential—that is, they do not compete with grain cultivation. This figure reveals a major opportunity for conservation and environmental restoration in the region, according to the Amazônia 2030 project study The Potential for Forest Restoration in the Amazon Based on Secondary Vegetation.
Forest restoration emerges as an essential strategy to mitigate climate change by removing large amounts of CO₂ from the atmosphere, recovering biodiversity, and strengthening ecological functions such as climate regulation and erosion control. In the Amazon biome, secondary vegetation plays a central role in this process, representing a large-scale, low-cost opportunity for environmental recovery.
The states with the largest areas of secondary vegetation on lands with low agricultural suitability are Pará (1.88 million hectares), Amazonas (612 thousand hectares), and Mato Grosso (606 thousand hectares). Secondary vegetation in regions with high agricultural potential is most prevalent in Pará (676 thousand hectares) and Mato Grosso (481 thousand hectares).
The study also highlights that secondary vegetation in areas with low agricultural suitability is concentrated mainly on private properties registered in the Land Management System (29%), undesignated public lands (16%), areas in the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) (15%), and rural settlements (15%). These data reinforce the need for public policies that protect and encourage the restoration of these areas.
Forest restoration and sustainable development
The research indicates that ensuring the conservation of these areas requires a coordinated effort among public policies, economic incentives, and territorial governance strategies. Key recommendations include:
With a total of 29.7 million hectares of deforested areas with low suitability for grain production, there is enormous potential for forest restoration in the Amazon, especially through natural regeneration. This study underscores the need for concrete actions to ensure that secondary vegetation is protected and becomes a pillar of the national strategy to tackle climate change and promote sustainable development.
The conversion of already deforested areas into sustainable productive systems can generate green jobs, increase regional income, and reduce pressure on the forest, according to a new study showing that the Amazon has 35 million hectares available for productive reforestation and currently captures only 3% of a global US$233 billion market in forest-compatible
Forest restoration in the Amazon could be one of the most powerful tools to reconcile environmental conservation, economic development, and climate action. With millions of hectares deforested and a high natural regeneration potential, the biome is uniquely positioned to lead a new forest-based economy—generating income through native forest products and carbon credits. But
The restoration of deforested and degraded public lands plays a fundamental role in promoting a new development model for the Amazon, based on the sustainable use of the forest’s natural resources and taking advantage of carbon market opportunities. To reap the environmental and socio-economic benefits of large-scale forest restoration in the region, partnership
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